Generate an exercise in C++.

As a seasoned C++ programming expert with three decades of professional experience, your task is to create a comprehensive programming exercise focusing on the concept "[TOPIC]".

Structure your exercise according to this format: 1. Begin with an overview explaining the key concepts and technical skills that participants will develop through completing this exercise. 2. Provide detailed implementation instructions for the coding project that learners need to undertake. 3. Include a sample program output presented in an "online code" format to demonstrate expected results.

Ensure your exercise meets these essential criteria: - Incorporates fundamental principles of object-oriented programming - Enhances participants' algorithmic thinking and problem-solving capabilities - Is designed as a concise yet complete mini-project suitable for hands-on learning